Tutorial Proggraming Free

tutorial - Checking Webserver Vulnerabilities using Nikto

Nikto is a web server scanner which performs comprehensive tests against web servers for multiple items, including over 3500 potentially dangerous files/CGIs, versions on over 900 servers, and version specific problems on over 250 servers.

Scan items and plugins are frequently updated and can be automatically updated (if desired).

Nikto is built on LibWhisker and can run any platform which has a Perl environment, and supports SSL, proxies, host authentication, IDS evasion and more.

Nikto not only checks for CGI vulnerabilities but does so in an evasive manner, so as to elude intrusion detection systems. It comes with thorough documentation which should be carefully reviewed prior to running the program. If you have Web servers serving up CGI scripts, Nikto can be an excellent resource for checking the security of these servers.

Installation:
OpenSuSe user can install nikto using "1-click" installer - here
Ubuntu / Debian: $ sudo apt-get install nikto

Using Nikto:
The most basic Nikto scan requires simply a host to target, since port 80 is assumed if none is specified. The host can either be an IP or a hostname of a machine, and is specified using the -h (-host) option. This will scan the IP 192.168.1.2 on TCP port 80: nikto -h 192.168.1.2

To check on a different port, specify the port number with the -p (-port) option. This will scan the IP 192.168.0.1 on TCP port 443:

nikto -h 192.168.1.2 -p 443

Hosts, ports and protocols may also be specified by using a full URL syntax, and it will be scanned:

nikto -h https://192.168.0.1:443/

Updating
Nikto can be automatically updated, To update to the latest plugins and databases, simply run Nikto with the -update command: nikto -update

If updates are available, you will see a list of the files getting downloaded.

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source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2009/12/13578175712009.html

tutorial - Minitube : Youtube Desktop Client for Linux

Minitube is a native YouTube client. With it, you can watch YouTube videos in a new way: you type a keyword, and Minitube gives you an endless video stream. Minitube does not require the Flash Player. It is not about cloning the original YouTube Web interface, but strives to create a new TV-like experience.

Installation:
OpenSuSe user can use "1-click" installer to install minitube - here

Ubuntu users needs to download .deb package from getdeb
Now you should be having minitube_0.8.1-1~getdeb1_i386.deb file install this .deb file using the following command: sudo dpkg -i minitube_0.8.1-1~getdeb1_i386.deb

The interface is clean and simple. You're greeted with a simple search box upon first launching Minitube. Enter your query, and results are displayed in a column. They'll automatically play one after another,

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2009/12/13578175717079.html

tutorial - Extract Images From a Video, or Create a Video from Images using ffmpeg in Linux

FFmpeg is a complete, cross-platform solution to record, convert and stream audio and video. It includes libavcodec - the leading audio/video codec library.

ffmpeg is a wonderful library for creating video applications or even general purpose utilities. ffmpeg takes care of all the hard work of video processing by doing all the decoding, encoding, muxing and demuxing for you. This can make media applications much simpler to write. It's simple, written in C, fast, and can decode almost any codec you'll find in use today, as well as encode several other formats.

Installation:
OpenSuSe user can use "1-click" installer to install ffmpeg - here

Ubuntu user can install ffmpeg using command: sudo apt-get install ffmpeg

Extracting images from a video:

ffmpeg -i foo.avi -r 1 -s WxH -f image2 foo-%03d.jpeg

This will extract one video frame per second from the video and will output them in files named `foo-001.jpeg', `foo-002.jpeg', etc. Images will be rescaled to fit the new WxH values.

If you want to extract just a limited number of frames, you can use the above command in combination with the -vframes or -t option, or in combination with -ss to start extracting from a certain point in time.

Creating a video from many images:

ffmpeg -f image2 -i foo-%03d.jpeg -r 12 -s WxH foo.avi

The syntax foo-%03d.jpeg specifies to use a decimal number composed of three digits padded with zeroes to express the sequence number. It is the same syntax supported by the C printf function, but only formats accepting a normal integer are suitable.

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2009/12/13578175711824.html

tutorial - mz (Mausezahn) : Network Traffic Generation Tool for Linux

Note: Mausezahn is basically a network and firewall testing tool. Don't use this tool when you are not aware of its consequences or have little knowledge about networks and data communication. If you get caught, or damage something of your own, then this is completely your fault.

Mausezahn is a fast traffic generator written in C which allows you to send nearly every possible and impossible packet. Mausezahn can be used for example

* As traffic generator (e. g. to stress multi-cast networks)
* For penetration testing of firewalls and IDS
* For DoS attacks on networks (for audit purposes of course)
* To find bugs in network software or appliances
* For reconnaissance attacks using ping sweeps and port scans
* To test network behavior under strange circumstances (stress test, malformed packets, ...)

...and more. Mausezahn is basically a versatile packet creation tool on the command line with a simple syntax and on-line help. It could also be used within (bash-) scripts to perform combination of tests.

Installation:
OpenSuSe user can install Mausezahn using "1-click" installer - here
Ubuntu user can install it using command: sudo apt-get install mz

Using Mausezahn:
Send an arbitrary sequence of bytes through your network card 1000 times:
# mz eth0 -c 1000 "ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff cc:dd 00:00:00:ca:fe:ba:be"

You can send more complex packets easily with the built-in packet builders using the -t option. Let's send a forged DNS response to host 192.168.1.2 by impersonating the DNS server x.x.x.x:
# mz eth0 -A x.x.x.x -B 192.168.1.2 -t dns "q=www.xxxxxxxx.com, a=172.16.6.66"

Perform a TCP SYN-Flood attack against all hosts in subnet 10.5.5.0/24
# mz eth0 -c 0 -Q 50,100 -A rand -B 10.5.5.0/25 -t tcp "flags=syn, dp=1-1023"

Look at the Mausezahn man pages for more details.

Note: Above examples are very dangerous command, use at your own risk, author (njauhari@cybage.com) is not responsible for any damage caused while using above examples.

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2010/01/135781757119400.html

tutorial - SWFTools - SWF Manipulation and Creation tools under Linux

SWFTools is a collection of utilities for working with Adobe Flash files (SWF files). The tool collection includes programs for reading SWF files, combining them, and creating them from other content (like images, sound files, videos or sourcecode). SWFTools is released under the GPL. The current collection is comprised of the programs detailed below:

* PDF2SWF - A PDF to SWF Converter. Generates one frame per page. Enables you to have fully formatted text, including tables, formulas etc. inside your Flash Movie.

* SWFCombine - A tool for inserting SWFs into Wrapper SWFs. (Templates) E.g. for including the pdf2swf SWFs in some sort of Browsing-SWF.

* SWFStrings - Scans SWFs for text data.

* SWFDump - Prints out various informations about SWFs.

* JPEG2SWF - Takes one or more JPEG pictures and generates a SWF slideshow.

* PNG2SWF - Like JPEG2SWF, only for PNGs.

* GIF2SWF - Converts GIFs to SWF. Also able to handle animated gifs.

* WAV2SWF - Converts WAV audio files to SWFs, using the L.A.M.E. MP3 encoder library.

* Font2SWF - Converts font files (TTF, Type1) to SWF.

* SWFBBox - Allows to readjust SWF bounding boxes.

* SWFC - A tool for creating SWF files from simple script files.

* SWFExtract - Allows to extract Movieclips, Sounds, Images etc. from SWF files.

* RFXSWF Library A fully featured library which can be used for standalone SWF generation. Includes support for Bitmaps, Buttons, Shapes, Text, Fonts, Sound etc. It also has support for ActionScript using the Ming ActionCompiler.

Installation:
OpenSuSe user can install SWFTools using "1-click" installer - here
Ubuntu user can download the .deb file from here and install SWFTools using command:
$ sudo dpkg -i swftools_0.9.0-0ubuntu1_i386.deb

Usage:
Extract images/sounds from avatar.swf using swfextract
First list all extractable items, type the following command: swfextract avatar.swf

The result is something like:

Objects in file avatar.swf:
[-i] 3 Shapes: ID(s) 7, 12, 14
[-i] 6 MovieClips: ID(s) 3, 6, 8, 10, 13, 15
[-j] 1 JPEG: ID(s) 11
[-p] 1 PNG: ID(s) 318
[-s] 3 Sounds: ID(s) 28-30
[-f] 1 Frame: ID(s) 0

Now you can extract a shape using: swfextract -i 12 avatar.swf -o shape.swf
sound using: swfextract -s 28 avatar.swf -o sound.wav
PNG image file using: swfextract -p 318 avatar.swf -o file.png

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2010/01/13578175718273.html

tutorial - UNP : Universal File Unpacking Utility for Ubuntu / Debian / OpenSuSe / Fedora

Unp is a small perl script which makes extraction of any archive files in easy way. It support several compressors and archiver programs, chooses the right one(s) automatically and extracts one or more files using a single command. It supports rar, zip, tar.gz, deb, tar.gz2, rpm etc..

Installation:
Ubuntu / Debian: $ sudo apt-get install unp
OpenSuSe user can use "1-click" installer to install Unp - here
Fedora: # yum install unp

Usage:
Method 1 (unpack all archives in a directory)

$ unp *.*

Method 2 (unpack, for example, all .rar archives in a directory):

$ unp *.rar

Method 3 (unpack 1 archive):

$unp archivefile

Method 4 (unpack several archives at the same time):

$unp archivefile1 archivefile 2

More examples

unp *.tar.gz, unp *.tar.bz, unp *.rpm, unp *.deb, unp *.zip, unp *.rar

Check out the manual pages for unp for more details:
$man unp ( for more help)

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2010/01/135781757110888.html

tutorial - googsystray - System Tray Notifications for various Google Services

Googsystray is a system tray app for Google Voice, GMail, Google Calendar, Google Reader, and Google Wave. It lets you keep track of the information provided by those services without having to keep a bunch of Web pages open or constantly checking them. It notifies you of new events, such as messages or alerts, and provides basic services quickly.

Installation:
OpenSuSe user can install Googsystray using "1-click" installer - here

To install Googsystray in some other Linux distro, firstly make sure you have Python and pygtk installed, then download the .tar.gz archive and extract it. Open a terminal, navigate to the folder where you have extracted Googsystray, and run the following command:

sudo python ./setup.py install

Then, go to the bin subfolder from your googsystray folder, and double click the googsystray file.
To configure Googsystray, right click it's icon on your systray and select "Preferences":

To open an unread message, left click the service icon (Gmail, etc) in your systray (notification area).

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2010/01/135781757116589.html

tutorial - Recursively Encrypt / Decrypt Directories using gpgdir on Linux

gpgdir is a script that encrypts and decrypts directories using a GPG key. It supports recursively descending through a directory in order to make sure it encrypts or decrypts every file in a directory and all of its subdirectories.

All file mtime and atime values are preserved across encryption and decryption operations. In addition, gpgdir is careful not to encrypt hidden files and directories.

Other features include the ability to interface with the wipe program for secure file deletion, and the ability to obfuscation the original filenames within encrypted directories.

Installation:
OpenSuSe user can install gpgdir using "1-click" installer - here

Others: The distribution tarball of gpgdir contains an install.pl file which installs gpgdir along with all the required modules if they are not already available on your system. If you run install.pl as a non-root user then the modules and gpgdir will be installed into a subdirectory of your home directory.

Usage:
The first time you attempt to use gpgdir gpgdir will setup a configuration file $HOME/.gpgdirrc and inform you that you must edit that file and specify the default key to use for encryption with the use_key directive.

nikesh@poison:~> gpgdir
[+] Creating gpgdir rc file: /home/nikesh/.gpgdirrc
[*] Please edit /home/nikesh/.gpgdirrc to include your gpg key identifier,
or use the default GnuPG key defined in ~/.gnupg/options. Exiting.

Type command "gpg --list-keys" to get the list of keys installed on your system.

Once you've specified a default encryption key, the usage of gpgdir is simple. Pass -e to gpgdir encrypt a directory tree and -d to decrypt it again, example shown below ...

To encrypt a directory, and use the wipe command to securely delete the original unencrypted files:

$ gpgdir -W -e /some/dir

To encrypt a directory and no subdirectories:

$ gpgdir -e /some/dir --no-recurse

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2010/01/13578175714278.html

tutorial - Woof - Simple Web-based File Sharing

Transferring files from one computer to another on a network isn't always a straightforward task. Equipping networks with a file server or FTP server or common web server is one way to simplify the process of exchanging files, but if you need a simpler yet efficient method, try Woof -- short for Web Offer One File. It's a small Python script that facilitates transfer of files across networks and only requires the recipient of the files have a Web browser.

Woof tries a different approach. It assumes that everybody has a web-browser or a command-line web-client installed. Woof is a small simple stupid web-server that can easily be invoked on a single file. Your partner can access the file with tools he trusts (e.g. wget). No need to enter passwords on keyboards where you don't know about keyboard sniffers, no need to start a huge lot of infrastructure, just do a

$ woof filename

and tell the recipient the URL woof spits out. When he got that file, woof will quit and everything is done. And when someone wants to send you a file, woof has a switch to offer itself, so he can get woof and offer a file to you.

Installation:
OpenSuSe user can install Woof using "1-click" installer - here

Usage:
Using Woof is really very simple, provide a valid ip address (your machine ip), port and filename that you wanted to share with other. Once it's up and running, Woof will write out a URL that the recipient can use. Example shown below ..

$ woof -i 192.168.1.2 -p 8888 testfile.txt

Now serving on http://192.168.1.2:8888/

As you can see that we have specifyed our IP address and the port with the -i and -p options and followed by the file we need to transfer.

Here you can also specify directory that need to transfer, When a directory is specified, an tar archive gets served. By default it is gzip compressed.

Once the file has been downloaded, Woof quits and prints an entry in the common log format that looks like:

poison.hell.com - - [03/Jan/2010 14:04:25] "GET /testfile.txt HTTP/1.0" 200 -

There is another option -c where you can specify the total number of times a file can be downloaded by any recipient. By default Woof sets this count to 1. In the example below, we set the count to 2 and Woof exits when the file has been downloaded twice, printing two log entries.

$ woof -i 192.168.1.2 -p 8888 -c 2 testfile.txt

Now serving on http://192.168.1.2:8888/

poison.hell.com - - [03/Jan/2010 16:09:45] "GET /testfile.txt HTTP/1.0" 200 -
poison.hell.com - - [03/Jan/2010 16:09:49] "GET /testfile.txt HTTP/1.0" 200 -

Customization
To make thing even more simple create a .woofrc file in your home directory with following content

[main]
ip = 192.168.1.2
port = 8888
count = 2
compressed = gz

Now with the help of this file you are not required to pass all those parameter, woof will pick up all the required parameter from this file.

$ woof testfile.txt

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2010/01/135781757113947.html

tutorial - Block Ads / Malware / Spyware using hosts file (Windows / Linux)

The most easy way to block advertisements and other malware sites is to point those site to ip address 127.0.0.1 or 0.0.0.0 (however the zero version may not be compatible with all systems) in your hosts file.

There are sites which provides the list of the sites names which are responsible to displaying the ads or spreading the malware so, download the list from here and put it into your hosts file and restart your system.

For Windows 9x and ME place this file at "C:\Windows\hosts"
For NT, Win2K and XP use "C:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts" or "C:\winnt\system32\drivers\etc\hosts"
For Linux, Unix, or OS X place this file at "/etc/hosts".

This is an easy and effective way to protect you from many types of spy-ware, reduces bandwidth use, blocks certain pop-up traps, prevents user tracking by way of "web bugs" embedded in Spam, provides partial protection to browsers from certain web-based exploits and blocks most advertising you would otherwise be subjected to on the Internet.

One of the advantages from this modification is that your web surfing experience would be significantly faster because your browser does not have to wait for the annoying advertisement to load.

There are other effective way to kill advertisement - here

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2010/01/135781757111615.html

tutorial - A brief history of Debian Linux

Debian was founded in 1993 by Ian Murdock, then a student at Purdue University, who wrote the Debian Manifesto which called for the creation of a Linux distribution to be maintained in an open manner, in the spirit of Linux and GNU. He chose the name by combining the first name of his then-girlfriend (now wife) Debra with his own first name "Ian", forming the portmanteau "Debian", pronounced as debian (deb-e′-en).

The Debian Project grew slowly at first and released its first 0.9x versions in 1994 and 1995. The first ports to other architectures were begun in 1995, and the first 1.x version of Debian was released in 1996. In 1996, Bruce Perens replaced Ian Murdock as the project leader. At the suggestion of fellow developer Ean Schuessler, he guided the editing process of the Debian Social Contract and the Debian Free Software Guidelines, defining fundamental commitments for the development of the distribution. He also initiated the creation of the legal umbrella organization Software in the Public Interest.

Bruce Perens left in 1998 before the release of the first glibc-based Debian, 2.0. The Project proceeded to elect new leaders and made two more 2.x releases, each including more ports and more packages. APT was deployed during this time and the first port to a non-Linux kernel, Debian GNU/Hurd, was started as well. The first Linux distributions based on Debian, Corel Linux and Stormix's Storm Linux, were started in 1999. Though no longer developed, these distributions were the first of many distributions based on Debian.

In late 2000, the Project made major changes to archive and release management, reorganizing software archive processes with new "package pools" and creating a testing branch as an ongoing, relatively stable staging area for the next release. In 2001, developers began holding an annual conference called Debconf with talks and workshops for developers and technical users.

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2010/01/13578175719990.html

tutorial - Understanding Partition / Filesystem Mount Options (fstab file)

Here is a sample /etc/fstab entry

/dev/cdrom /media/cdrom auto ro,noauto,user,exec 0 0

The fourth column in fstab lists all the mount options for the device or partition. This is also the most confusing column in the fstab file, but knowing what some of the most common options mean, saves you from a big headache. For more information, check out the man page of mount.

auto and noauto With the auto option, the device will be mounted automatically (at bootup). auto is the default option. If you don't want the device to be mounted automatically, use the noauto option in /etc/fstab. With noauto, the device can be mounted only explicitly.

user and nouser These are very useful options. The user option allows normal users to mount the device, whereas nouser lets only the root to mount the device. nouser is the default. If you're not able to mount your cdrom, floppy, Windows partition, or something else as a normal user, add the user option into /etc/fstab.

exec and noexec exec lets you execute binaries that are on that partition, whereas noexec doesn't let you do that. noexec might be useful for a partition that contains binaries you don't want to execute on your system, or that can't even be executed on your system. This might be the case of a Windows partition.

ro Mount the filesystem read-only.

rw Mount the filesystem read-write.

sync and async sync means it's done synchronously, this means that when you, for example, copy a file to the partition, the changes are physically written to the partition at the same time you issue the copy command.

However, if you have the async option in /etc/fstab, input and output is done asynchronously. Now when you copy a file to the partition, the changes may be physically written to it long time after issuing the command. async is default.

defaults Uses the default options that are rw, suid, dev, exec, auto, nouser, and async.

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2010/01/135781757113724.html

tutorial - Baobab - Linux Graphical Disk Usage Analyzer

Baobab (Disk Usage Analyzer) is is a graphical, menu-driven application to analyze disk usage in any Gnome environment. Disk Usage Analyzer can easily scan either the whole file-system tree, or a specific user-requested directory branch (local or remote).

Baobab also auto-detects in real-time any changes made to your home directory as far as any mounted/unmounted device. Baobab also provides a full graphical tree-map window and a rings-chart for each selected folder.

With Baobab you can check the space each directory or sub-directory is using on you file system, the information is presented in absolute values as well as percentages, you can go as deep as you need in your directory structure.

There is also the possibility to scan a network disk, via Public FTP, FTP with Login, SSH, Windows Share, HTTP, HTTPS.

Installation:
OpenSuSe user can install Baobab using "1-click" installer - here
After sucessfull installation go to terminal and type command: baobab to open up the application

Using Baobab:
To start a full filesystem scan select Analyzer → Scan Filesystem from the menu, or press on the Scan Filesystem toolbar button.

When the scanning process ends up, you will get the full tree of your filesystem, like the one in the next Figure.

Baobab will display sizes in the directory tree as allocated space. This means that the displayed sizes refer to the actual disk usage and not to the apparent directory size. If you want to view the apparent file size, uncheck View → Allocated Space.

Remote scan
If you need to scan a remote server-folder, just click on the toolbar icon Scan Remote Folder or select Analyzer → Scan Remote Folder from the menu and you will get the following dialog box. Baobab can connect to a server through ssh, ftp, smb, http and https.

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2010/01/13578175714311.html

tutorial - Adeona - Open Source System for tracking the location of your lost or stolen laptop

Researchers at the University of Washington and the University of California San Diego have unveiled an open source technology that may enable people to recover missing or stolen notebook computers—and, in some cases, maybe even take pictures of the person(s) who stole it.

Adeona is the first Open Source system for tracking the location of your lost or stolen laptop that does not rely on a proprietary, central service. This means that you can install Adeona on your laptop and go — there's no need to rely on a single third party. What's more, Adeona addresses a critical privacy goal different from existing commercial offerings. It is privacy-preserving. This means that no one besides the owner (or an agent of the owner's choosing) can use Adeona to track a laptop. Unlike other systems, users of Adeona can rest assured that no one can abuse the system in order to track where they use their laptop.

Adeona is designed to use the Open Source OpenDHT distributed storage service to store location updates sent by a small software client installed on an owner's laptop. The client continually monitors the current location of the laptop, gathering information (such as IP addresses and local network topology) that can be used to identify its current location. The client then uses strong cryptographic mechanisms to not only encrypt the location data, but also ensure that the ciphertexts stored within OpenDHT are anonymous and unlinkable. At the same time, it is easy for an owner to retrieve location information.

Adeona has three main properties:
Private: Adeona uses state-of-the-art cryptographic mechanisms to ensure that the owner is the only party that can use the system to reveal the locations visited by a device.

Reliable: Adeona uses a community-based remote storage facility, ensuring retrievability of recent location updates.

Open source and free: Adeona's software is licensed under GPLv2. While your locations are secret, the tracking system's design is not.

Installation:
OpenSuSe user can use "1-click" installer to install Adeona - here

Setup / Configure Adeona:
1. Initialize Adeona and set your personal password:

# /usr/sbin/adeona-init -r /usr/share/adeona/ -l /var/log/adeona/

2. Move the generated files into the proper directories:

# mv adeona-clientstate.cst adeona-retrievecredentials.ost /var/lib/adeona

IMPORTANT: Please don't forget to make a backup copy of your location-finding credentials: /var/lib/adeona/adeona-retrievecredentials.ost

YOU NEED THIS FILE TO FIND OUT THE LOCATION!

4. Start the service and enable it for the preferred run levels.

# /etc/init.d/adeona start

How to retrieve the location:

# /usr/sbin/adeona-retrieve -r /usr/share/adeona/ -l /var/log/adeona/ -s /path/to/your/adeona-retrievecredentials.ost -n 1

NOTE: Adeona has pseudorandomly scheduled updates and there may not be any location information stored in OpenDHT yet. Please wait about 1 hour before trying to do a retrieval.

Adeona will work as long as it is allowed connections on port 80 (HTTP) and port 5852 (for OpenDHT). Note that these are also required to be open for retrieval. Additionally, if one wants nearby routers reported, then UDP packets should not be dropped (this allows performing traceroutes).

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2010/01/13578175712731.html

tutorial - How to Add a Custom New Service under xinetd

xinetd, the eXtended InterNET Daemon, is an open-source super-server daemon which runs on many Unix-like systems and manages Internet-based connectivity. It offers a more secure extension to or version of inetd, the Internet daemon.

xinetd features access control mechanisms such as TCP Wrapper ACLs, extensive logging capabilities, and the ability to make services available based on time. It can place limits on the number of servers that the system can start, and has deployable defence mechanisms to protect against port scanners, among other things.

Create a new configuration file in /etc/xinetd.d with at least the following information:

service SERVICE_NAME                         # Name from /etc/services;
{
        server = /PATH/TO/SERVER             # The service executable
        server_args = ANY_ARGS_HERE    # Any arguments; omit if none
        user = USER                                        # Run the service as this user
        socket_type = TYPE                           # stream, dgram, raw, or seqpacket
        wait = YES/NO                                    # yes = single-threaded, no = multithreaded
}

Name the file SERVICE_NAME. Then restart xinetd to read your new service file.

On starting again, xinetd reads all files in /etc/xinetd.d only if /etc/xinetd.conf tells it to, via this line:

includedir /etc/xinetd.d

Check your /etc/xinetd.conf to confirm the location of its includedir.

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2010/01/1357817571227.html

tutorial - Collectd – Linux System Statistics Collection Daemon

collectd is a small and modular daemon written in C for performance which collects system information periodically and provides means to store the values. Included in the distribution are numerous plug-ins for collecting CPU, disk, and memory usage, network interface and DNS traffic, network latency, database statistics, and much more. Custom statistics can easily be added in a number of ways, including execution of arbitrary programs and plug-ins written in Perl. Advanced features include a powerful network code to collect statistics for entire setups and SNMP integration to query network equipment.

Installation
OpenSuSe user can install collectd using "1-click" installer - here
Debian/Ubuntu user can install collectd using command: apt-get install collectd
For Red Hat, CentOS and Fedora, there are collectd RPM packages in Dag Wieers' repository.

Configuration:
The configuration will lie in /etc/collectd.conf. Open the file and pay particular attention to the LoadPlugin lines : # vi etc/collectd.conf

For each plugin, there is a LoadPlugin line in the configuration. Almost all of those lines are commented out in order to keep the default configuration lean.

There's a wiki page containing a table of all plugins.

The Interval setting controls how often values are read. You should set this once and then never touch it again.

If you're done configuring, you need to (re-)start the daemon. If you installed a binary package there should be an init-script somewhere. Under Debian, the command would be:

# /etc/init.d/collectd restart

You also need to configure your webserver (apache) to display the rrd graph:

<IfModule mod_cgi.c>
    ScriptAlias /collectd /srv/www/collectd/collection.cgi
    <Directory "/srv/www/collectd">
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from 192.168.1
    </Directory>
</IfModule>

Restart your apache server and browse to http://localhost/collectd

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2010/01/135781757118287.html

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