tutorial - HowTo save power in Linux by using powertop

With the Intel processor, and linux kernel 2.6.21 or newer, you may want to try out the CLI app written by Intel developers. To run powertop, simply type:
HowTo install?

1) Download the latest version of powertop from here
2)
tar -zxf powertop-1.9.tar.gz
3) cd powertop-1.9
4) make
5) make install
6) sudo powertop

Powertop will tells you which module on your system uses most electrical power, and it will display some suggestions on how you can reduce the power consumption and you are provided a key to hit on your keyboard to execute the commands. Check out the image below, powertop suggested me to Enable the CONFIG_USB_SUSPEND kernel configuration option

Is this all about power savings with powertop? No! Please feel no hesitate to check out their website FAQ and Tips and Tricks. You will get more ideas on how to save more resources.

Firefox uses most power consumption, I didn’t try on other internet browser because I rely on Firefox to do my daily updates on the web. The more plugins you install to Firefox the more power you spend, install them by care. Gnome power manager seems to spend more resources while managing your power resource. They suggest you to remove it completely. There are more to try out, at the end of the day, will you get more than 40% of power saving?



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source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/02/135781758019071.html

tutorial - Spam Do's and Dont's

* The primary rule: Never make lists of e-mail addresses, and if you do, do not e-mail the list. This is a common practice, especially among the relatively inexperienced.

It happens like this -- Joe Beginner receives an interesting article and he immediately wants to mail it to all his friends -- but he does it by including all the addresses in a single posting. The problem? Each recipient gets a copy of all the addresses. Then one of Joe's friends forwards it to all his friends the same way. The address list becomes very large, and finally it falls into the hands of someone in the spam trade.

Instead, Joe Beginner should mail a separate copy to each of his friends. The point is there should never be more than one address on an e-mail.

* Never respond to a spam e-mail. For a spammer, one "hit" among thousands of mailings is enough to justify the practice. Instead, if you want a product that is advertised in a spam e-mail, go to a Web site that also carries the product, inquire there, and tell them you do not approve of spam methods and will not patronize a company that uses spammers.

* Never respond to the spam e-mail's instructions to reply with the word "remove." This is just a trick to get you to react to the e-mail -- it alerts the sender that a human is at your address, which greatly increases its value. If you reply, your address is placed on more lists and you receive more spam.

* Never sign up with sites that promise to remove your name from spam lists. These sites are of two kinds: (1) sincere, and (2) spam address collectors. The first kind of site is ignored (or exploited) by the spammers, the second is owned by them -- in both cases your address is recorded and valued more highly because you have just identified it as read by a human.

* Never mail-bomb spam sites or engage in hacking to stop spammers. This only increases the amount of wasted Internet traffic, creates sympathy for spammers, and makes the Internet even less reliable than it already is.

* Take meaningful action to stop spammers. Filter their messages or their sites using the methods described below, write their host sites (without revealing your real e-mail address!) and any sites that are used as relays, write your congressional representatives.


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source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/02/13578175806255.html

tutorial - How-to compile Linux Kernel in OpenSuse 10.x

1) Make sure you have all the required lib for kernel compilation

2) Download the latest kernel from www.kernel.org

3) Untar the kernel source

4) Fire Following commands

# make oldconfig
# make rpm

5) This is will take some time, after compilation

Now go to — /usr/src/packages/RPMS/i386 directory and install the kernel

# rpm -ivh kernel-2.6.24.1default-1.i386.rpm
# mkinitrd --> This will create /boot/initrd-2.6.24.1-default file which is required durning booting on new kernel.

6) Go to and edit the following file to add the new kernel to boot menu

# vi /boot/grub/menu.lst and add the following lines to it

title openSUSE 10.2 - 2.6.24.1
root (hd0,5)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.24.1-default root=/dev/hda6 vga=0×317 resume=/dev/hda7 splash=silent showopts
initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.24.1-default

You can also install new kernel using Yast tool.

7) Now install the grub using following command

# grub-install /dev/hda


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source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/02/135781758010910.html

tutorial - kernel parameters for ACPI-related

There are various other ACPI-related kernel parameters that can be entered at the boot prompt prior to booting for installation:

acpi=off
This parameter disables the complete ACPI subsystem on your computer. This may be useful if your computer cannot handle ACPI at all or if you think ACPI in your computer causes trouble.

acpi=force
Always enable ACPI even if your computer has an old BIOS dated before the year 2000. This parameter also enables ACPI if it is set in addition to acpi=off.

acpi=noirq
Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing.

acpi=ht
Run only enough ACPI to enable hyper-threading.

acpi=strict
Be less tolerant of platforms that are not strictly ACPI specification compliant.

pci=noacpi
Disable PCI IRQ routing of the new ACPI system.


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source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/02/13578175808291.html

tutorial - Run parallel OS by using VitrualBox on OpenSuse

1) Make sure kernel-source and kernel-syms packages are installed (if not, install it from your OpenSuse installation CD), you can check using following command

poison:~ # rpm -qa | grep kernel
kernel-default-2.6.18.2-34
kernel-source-2.6.18.2-34
linux-kernel-headers-2.6.18.2-3
kernel-syms-2.6.18.2-34

2) Download and Install following rpm –> (OpneSuse) get it from here

poison:~ # rpm -ivh Xalan-c-1.10-10.i586.rpm
poison:~ # rpm -ivh Xerces-c-2.7.0-11.i586.rpm

3) Now download and install VirtualBox rpm –> here
poison:~ # rpm -ivh VirtualBox-1.3.8_openSUSE102-2.i586.rpm

4) Now add users to group vboxusers who are going to use the virtualbox using yast tool.

5) Setup the Networking via Host Bridging

Download : http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/user-mode-linux/uml_utilities_20040406.tar.bz2

# tar xvf uml_utilities_20040406.tar.bz2
# cd tools/
# make
# make install

Do the following setup

# tunctl -t tap0 -u tux
# ifconfig tap0 0.0.0.0 up
# brctl addbr br0
# brctl addif br0 eth0 tap0
# dhcpcd br0
# ifconfig br0 up
# ifconfig eth0 0.0.0.0

6) Start the virtualbox GUI, Applications -> System -> VirtualBox

Here you can see my OpenSuse 10.2 box is running Ubuntu in virtual Box



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source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/02/13578175803757.html

tutorial - Postfix + ClamAV + MailScanner in OpenSuse

1) Install the anti virus software (Clamav) –> (here)

rpm -ivh clamav-db-0.88.2-1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh clamav-devel-0.88.2-1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh clamav-server-0.88.2-1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh clamav-0.88.2-1.i386.rpm

/etc/init.d/clamd start

2. Once the anti-virus is install then we need to install the MailScanner software the RPM along with the source files can be found at
http://www.sng.ecs.soton.ac.uk/mailscanner/downloads.shtml

Now get ready to install the mailscanner, this is going to take a long time.

gzip -d MailScanner-4.46.2-2.rpm.tar.gz
tar -xvf MailScanner-4.46.2-2.rpm.tar
cd MailScanner-4.46.2-2
./install.sh

3. In your MailScanner.conf file in /etc/MailScanner, there are 5 settings you need to change. The settings are:

Run As User = postfix
Run As Group = postfix
Incoming Queue Dir = /var/spool/postfix/hold
Outgoing Queue Dir = /var/spool/postfix/incoming
MTA = postfix

4. You will need to ensure that the user “postfix” can write to

/var/spool/MailScanner/incoming and /var/spool/MailScanner/quarantine

chown postfix:postfix /var/spool/MailScanner/incoming
chown postfix:postfix /var/spool/MailScanner/quarantine

5. Edit file MailScanner.conf
Virus Scanners = clamav

6. Edit virus.scanners.conf
clamav /usr/lib/MailScanner/clamav-wrapper /var/lib/clamav

7. Now we need to edit the postfix main.cf file, go all the way to the bottom of the file and add the following
header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/header_checks

8. In the file /etc/postfix/header_checks add this line:
/^Received:/ HOLD

9. Set the servers to run on startup and then start them

chkconfig MailScanner on
chkconfig postfix on
chkconfig clamd on

/etc/init.d/Mailscanner start
/etc/init.d/postfix start
/etc/init.d/clamd start



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source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/02/135781758015587.html

tutorial - How-To ping IPV6 ip address

Regular ping command only works with IPv4 address. Use ping6 command to send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts from a host or gateway.

Type the command as follows:
$ ping6 localhost
$ ping6 host.domain.com
$ ping6 IPv6-address
$ ping6 2001:db8::1428:57ab

Read ping6 man page for more information:
$ man ping6


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source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/02/13578175802064.html

tutorial - Good place to have Linux Tattoo



Free, facebook, tips, Links, blogging, Downloads, Google, facebookTips, money, news, apps, Social, Media, Website, Tricks, games, Android, software, PIctures, Internet, Security, Web, codes, Review, bloggers, SAMSUNG, Worldwide, Contest, Exitic, Phones, facebookTricks, hacking, London, Olympics, SEO, Youtube, iOS, Adsense, gadgets, iPHONE, widgets, Doodle, twitter, video, Deals, technology, Aircel, Airtel, iPAD, Angry, Birds, BSNL, TechLife, GMAIL, Idea, Microsoft, SmartPhones, Stress, Buster, Windows, Yahoo, Infolinks, Nokia, Scam, Uninor, browsers, Amazon, Euro, CUP, Chat, IDM, JOBS, Modem, Music, Reliance, Results, SSC, Tata, Docomo, bing, freebie, mobile, placements, AIEEE, AlertPay, Chrome, College, Competetive, Exam, Dehradun, Extension, FireFox, GPRS, HTC, IMPACT, Info, MTS, Mark, Zukerberg, Paypal, Promotional, Post, Torrent, UTU, Unlocking, VodaFone, Wall, Paper, apple, books, engineering, iCAR, iTunes, pinterest, rovio, AVG, Admit, Card, Adobe, Affiliate, Marketing, Akhilesh, Amul, Girl, BlackBerry, ChromeBook, Clixsense, Coupon, Digitallife, Discovery, Emoticons, Festival, GATE, GIMP, Income, Tax, International, JSS, JailBreaking, Kindle, Linux, Local, MAX, PAYNE, Mac, Mango, Memory, Speed, Nexus, Online, Shopping, Raakhi, Report, Rising, Stars, Sample, Science, Sony, Syllabus, TabletBooK, Teamviewer, Templates, Dark, Knight, Rises, USA, UPMT, Virgin, Xperia, ZTE, challan, counselling, course, btech, funny, iMOVE, registration

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/02/13578175802912.html

tutorial - Linux virus (Linux/Rst-B) can make intruders to gain access to systems

A six-year old Linux virus is still in circulation, and Sophos suspects the high uptime exhibited by servers (compared with the typical home or office Windows PC that spends much of the day switched off or asleep) makes them valuable to bot-herders as central control points.

Sophos has created a detection tool specifically for this virus, and encourages administrators to use it and then forward any infected files to SophosLabs for analysis.

"If you don't find Linux/Rst-B on your system, it's good news but obviously doesn't mean that you are not infected with something else, said Billy McCourt, SophosLabs UK.

"I'd encourage you to at least do regular on-demand scans on your Linux box but ideally run an on-access scanner."

A previous analysis by McCourt suggested that Rst-B infections are not being used by intruders to gain access to systems, rather they occur as a side-effect of already-infected hacking tools being downloaded onto servers once a foothold has been gained.

"The number of malware in existence is around 350,000, and while only a teeny number of these target Linux, it seems as though hackers are taking advantage of this false sense of security," said Carole Theriault, senior security consultant at Sophos.

Sophos sells an on-access scanner for Linux. Alternatives include the AVG and Avast products for Linux, as well as software that works with the popular ClamAV to provide on-access scanning.


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source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/02/135781758014095.html

tutorial - Use SaneSecurity Clamav signatures to Filter out Scam and Phishing emails

Clamav is probably the most popular open source antivirus software for Linux. At this time it contains 153727 signatures that will detect most viruses and the signatures are updated regularly to allow many mail servers to filter out the viruses before even reaching the users mailboxes.

This post will show how easy it is to install and use SaneSecurity 3rd party Clamav signatures to extend the antivirus protection built-in clamav with Scam and Phishing filtering. This can be very useful as these types of emails can be hard to detect by common antispam rules (spamassassin for ex.) - like the latest pdf spams, or phishing mails that are not always easy to detect. These will be filtered out directly by Clamav that is normally running prior to antispam measures.

These rules are provided and maintained by SaneSecurity and they are used by more and more peoples (including specialized companies like Barracuda Networks appear to be using SaneSecurity’s signature databases in their Barracuda Spam Firewall).

The installation and usage is very simple:

  1. we can manually download the SaneSecurity Phishing Signatures and SaneSecurity Scam Signatures from their download page. We can drop them in the clamav signatures folder (normally /var/lib/clamav , but check your clamd.conf for your DatabaseDirectory location) and they will be used right away (if you are using clamd it will need a reload to be notified of db changes or wait for the SelfCheck timer to expire and it will do that automatically).
  2. we can use one of the several scripts from their usage page to download initially the signatures and then to keep them updated regularly using cron.

Normally we would like to use the second option as we will always have the latest SaneSecurity rules updated. Check out the usage page and choose the script you think is best for you.



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source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/02/135781758012471.html

tutorial - HowTo Hack/Sniff/Monitor Wireless Networks

Kismet is an 802.11 layer2 wireless network detector, sniffer, and intrusion detection system. Kismet will work with any wireless card which supports raw monitoring (rfmon) mode, and can sniff 802.11b, 802.11a, and 802.11g traffic.

Kismet identifies networks by passively collecting packets and detecting standard named networks, detecting (and given time, decloaking) hidden networks, and infering the presence of nonbeaconing networks via data traffic.

Features

  • Ethereal/Tcpdump compatible data logging
  • Airsnort compatible weak-iv packet logging
  • Network IP range detection
  • Built-in channel hopping and multicard split channel hopping
  • Hidden network SSID decloaking
  • Graphical mapping of networks
  • Client/Server architecture allows multiple clients to view a single
  • Kismet server simultaneously
  • Manufacturer and model identification of access points and clients
  • Detection of known default access point configurations
  • Runtime decoding of WEP packets for known networks
  • Named pipe output for integration with other tools, such as a layer3 IDS like Snort
  • Multiplexing of multiple simultaneous capture sources on a single Kismet instance
  • Distributed remote drone sniffing
  • XML output
  • Over 20 supported card types
Download - Here


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source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/02/135781758015993.html

tutorial - How to block Brute Force Attacks (Password Hacking)

From the category of log based tools fail2ban is consider to be the best available log based brute force blocker. Basically, as any other log based brute force blockers, fail2ban will monitor the system log files and when certain configured events occur they will trigger fail2ban to block the offending host.

Here are the main features of fail2ban:

  • running as daemon (no delay to take actions as in cron based tools).
  • can use various methods to block the attack:
    • iptables (this is the default, and will most certainly be the best choice for most users)
    • TCP Wrappers (/etc/hosts.deny): this might be particular useful if you are running a VPS that has no access to iptables rules.
    • any other method you might need to implement in your firewall setup (you will have to define the rules yourself in this case).
  • can handle more than one service: sshd (default), apache, vsftpd/proftpd, etc.
  • can send e-mail notifications.
  • can ban IPs for a limited amount of time and since 0.6.1 can also permanently ban hosts.

The installation is not at all complicated as the author provides packages for major linux distributions.



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source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/02/135781758019838.html

tutorial - How To disable SELinux security policy in Redhat and Fedora

Login as root then:
Edit SELinux config file:
# vi /etc/selinux/config

Then set SELINUX= to disabled.
SELINUX=disabled

Replace the current line which most of the time will be set to enforcing. This disabled SELinux on boot, however it is still enabled to disable it without having to reboot execute:

setenforce 0

Take a look on setsebool command, if you want to enable specific applications without disabling SELinux look at the . The most common problem is SELinux blocking mySQL. You can fix it:

# setsebool -P mysqld_disable_trans=1


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source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/02/135781758013020.html

tutorial - Parallel Windows Password Brute Forcing Tool

Bruter is a parallel network login brute-forcer on Win32. This tool is intended to demonstrate the importance of choosing strong passwords. The goal of Bruter is to support a variety of services that allow remote authentication.

Bruter is a tool for the Win32 platform only.

PROTOCOL SUPPORT

It currently supports the following services:

  • FTP
  • HTTP (Basic)
  • HTTP (Form)
  • IMAP
  • MSSQL
  • MySQL
  • POP3
  • SMB-NT
  • SMTP
  • SNMP
  • SSH2
  • Telnet
You can download Bruter here


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source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/02/13578175802720.html

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