Tutorial Proggraming Free

tutorial - HowTo run an Perl or shell script using procmail

This is a sample (example) of procmail configuaration and in this configuation we want to run some script

:0 * conditions, if any | your-script-here

Obviously, you are not restricted to Perl or shell scripts. Anything you can run from a Unix command prompt can be run from Procmail.

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source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/03/13578175809093.html

tutorial - Are you an Ubuntu User? - Get Counted !!!

The Ubuntu Counter Project is like a miniature version of The Linux Counter. It aims to catalogue the number of registered machines using the numerous varients of the Ubuntu Linux distribution.

Why? Because, quite simply, Ubuntu rocks.

To register your Ubuntu machines, simply register yourself as a user, and add your machines to your account.

Once registered, you will have a user button (like the ones below) to place on your website, in forum signatures or wherever you want!

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/03/1357817580302.html

tutorial - Edit grub.conf file with QGRUBEditor

Anyone who runs more than one operating system has had to deal with GNU GRUB (the GRand Unified Bootloader). Grub is the tool that allows you to pick which operating system to book when you turn your computer on. But you can do a ton more than that by configuring it and derailing from the standard configuration. Unfortunately, until recently users were forced to open up cryptic config files in text editors and try and figure out what to do based on the comments (or, more diligently, by reading man pages). Now, users can use QGRUBEditor.

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/04/13578175804597.html

tutorial - How security Certificates works?

Certificate security provides a mechanism for achieving encrypted communications over unsecured networks and is built upon the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). Certificates use asymmetrical cryptography whereby different keys are used for the encryption and decryption process.

Under public key encryption two keys are required, a public key and a private key. A client contacts a Certificate Authority (CA) to obtain both of these keys. The public key is then provided to anyone who needs to send encrypted data to the client. The sender uses the this public key to encrypt the data and send it to the original client. On receipt, the client decrypts the message using the private key (which is the only key which can be used to decrypt the message since this is asymmetrical encryption.

So far we have looked at certificates in terms of encrypting data between parties where the public key is used to encrypt a message to a client and the client's private key is used to decrypt the message. When using certificates as a means of authentication this process is reversed. In such a situation the client encrypts its signature using its private key and sends it to the receiving system. If the sending client is who it claims to be the receiving system should be able to decrypt the signature using the client's public key. If the decryption using the public key fails, the sender is not who they claim to be and the authentication has failed.

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/04/135781758017130.html

tutorial - Automate Wallpapers directly from Flickr and Webshots to your Linux desktop

Webilder delivers stunning wallpapers to your Linux desktop, directly from Flickr and Webshots. You choose what keywords (tags) to watch for, and photos are automatically downloaded to your computer. Webilder can also change the wallpaper every few minutes.

It also include:

A simple photo collection browser, that will let you view the images in fullscreen, or set them as a wallpaper. Browser integration for webshots - downloaded images are automatically added to your collection. Command-line photo downloader.

Download Webilder: here

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/04/135781758019310.html

tutorial - CrossFTP - synchronization tool and FTP/FXP/FTPS/SFTP/WebDav(s) client

CrossFTP is an excellent FTP client. CrossFTP Pro is a synchronization tool and FTP/FXP/FTPS/SFTP/WebDav(s) client.

CrossFTP is an excellent FTP client for reliable transfers. CrossFTP uses a familiar, Explorer-like interface that even the most novice user can master in minutes. It offers features such as Web starting, international encoding support, archive browsing, site password encryption, drag-and-drop, filtering, Web searching, image quick viewer, auto-reconnecting and anti-idle, and sound triggers, etc.

CrossFTP Pro is a turbo synchronization tool and FTP/FXP/FTPS/SFTP/WebDav(s) client. It provides value-added features like secure and multi-thread transports, remote file editing, speed limitation, synchronization, etc.

This application requires GTK+ version 1.2.x. and Sun Java 1.4+

Download CrossFTP : Here

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/04/135781758012736.html

tutorial - Comparing Three Files by using diff3

The diff3 command compares three files and outputs descriptions of their differences. Its arguments are as follows:

diff3 options... mine older yours

The files to compare are mine, older, and yours. At most one of these three file names may be -, which tells diff3 to read the standard input for that file.

An exit status of 0 means diff3 was successful, 1 means some conflicts were found, and 2 means trouble.

read the man pages for detail options

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/04/13578175809873.html

tutorial - How To Find Mac Address In Linux

You can think of a Mac address as a serial number for your network card. It is a unique six two-digits hexadecimal numbers separated by colons. It is used for routing traffic on a network.

In this example I will show you how to find your mac address in Ubuntu. This command should work any any terminal. Some distributions of linux you may need to be logged in as SU to see this information.

Open a terminal window and execute the command : ifconfig

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/04/1357817580950.html

tutorial - Linux Runlevel Descriptions

Runlevel	Runlevel Description
Runlevel 0	The halt runlevel - this is the runlevel at which the system shuts down. For obvious reasons it is unlikely you would want this as your default runlevel.
Runlevel 1	Single runlevel. This causes the system to start up in a single user mode under which only the root user can log in. In this mode the system does not start any networking or X windowing, X or multi-user services. This run level is ideal for system admins to perform system maintenance or repair activities.
Runlevel 2	Boots the system into a multi-user mode with text based console login capability. This runlevel does not, however, start the network.
Runlevel 3	Similar to runlevel 2 except that networking services are started. This is the most common runlevel for server based systems that do not require any kind of graphical desktop environment.
Runlevel 4	Undefined runlevel. This runlevel can be configured to provide a custom boot state.
Runlevel 5	Boots the system into a networked, multi-user state with X Window System capability. By default the graphical desktop environment will start at the end of the boot process. This is the most common run level for desktops or workstation use.
Runlevel 6	Reboots the system. Another runlevel that you are unlikely to want as your default.

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/04/13578175807301.html

tutorial - Working with Linux Services

There are number of ways to control what services get started using both command line and graphical tools without having to going into the depths of your Linux system.

The command line tool chkconfig (usually located in /sbin) can be used to list and configure which services get started at boot time. To list all service settings run the following command:

/sbin/chkconfig --list

This will display a long list of services showing whether or not they are started up at various runlevels. You may want to narrow the search down using Linux grep command. For example to list the entry for the HTTP daemon you would do the following:

/sbin/chkconfig --list | grep httpd

which should result in something like:

httpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:off 6:off

Alternatively you may just be interested to know what gets started for runlevel 3:

/sbin/chkconfig --list | grep '3:on'

chkconfig can also be used to change the settings. If we wanted the HTTP service to start up when we at runlevel 5 we would issue the following command:

/sbin/chkconfig --level 5 httpd on

A number of graphical tools are also available for administering services. On RedHat you can run the following command:

redhat-config-services

The equivalent command on Fedora Core is:

system-config-services

The above graphical tools allow you to view which services will start for each runlevel, add or remove services for each runlevel and also manually start or stop services.

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/04/13578175802475.html

tutorial - Using GPG

1. Key Generation

gpg # Initialize GPG for this user (e.g. create ~/.gnupg). Only have to run once.
gpg --gen-key # Start key generation process. Follow prompts.

2. Viewing Keys

gpg --list-keys # View public keys
gpg --list-secret-keys # View private keys

3. Exporting Public Keys

gpg --export # Exports key in binary format
gpg --export --armor # Export in a usable, ASCII format

4. Importing Public Keys

gpg --import /path/to/public/key/file

5. Encrypting a Message

gpg --encrypt --armor --recipient message_file

6. Decrypting a Message

gpg encrypted_message_file

You will be prompted for the filename to use for the output of the decryption process.

7. Encrypting with a Symmetric Key

gpg --symmetric --armor message_file

8. Signing and Encrypting a Message

gpg --sign --encrypt --armor --recipient message_file

9. Creating a Detached Signature

gpg --detach-sign --armor message_file # Sender
gpg --verify message_file.asc message_file # Recipient

10. Signing Another's Public Key

Alice is going to sign Bob's key.

# First, user A must do:
gpg --sign-key user_B
gpg --export --armor user_B > B.key

# Then, user_b must do:
gpg --import B.key

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/04/13578175801985.html

tutorial - Execute more than one commands

Executing the second command only if the first is successful

To do this you would type: command1 && command2

command2 will be executed if command1 successfully completes (if command1 fails command2 won't be run). This is called a logical AND.

Executing the second command only if the first fails

To do this you would type: command1 || command2

command2 will be executed if command1 does not successfully completes (if command1 is successful command2 won't be run). This is called a logical OR.

Executing commands sequentially

To execute command sequentially regardless of the success/failure of the previous you simply type: command1; command2

command2 will execute once command1 has completed.

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/04/13578175809888.html

tutorial - How To increase the MAX file upload size in PHP

There is a variable in your php.ini file (Location of this file may differ for different distribution but is mainly located in /etc directory or in /etc/php directory, try to find this file)

Open this php.ini file in any text editor and locate the section "File Uploads", now in this section, first, you need to enable the upload of file by modifying the variable "file_uploads = On" and next you can increase the upload limit to any value that you may required by modifying the value of "upload_max_filesize = 20M".

As you can see here in my case I have made the limit to 20MB, you can put your any required value here and restart the apache server to take the effect.

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/04/13578175808690.html

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