Tutorial Proggraming Free

tutorial - Ubuntu 9.04 - Jaunty Jackalope CD Labels

Excellent cover for your CDs Jaunty.
It also included the SVG so you can edit it if it doesn't fit your CD's (larger middle hole).

There are covers also available for:
    * Ubuntu SVG
    * Ubuntu 32 bits Desktop
    * Ubuntu 32 bits Alternate
    * Ubuntu 32 bits Server
    * Ubuntu 64 bits Desktop
    * Ubuntu 64 bits Alternate
    * Ubuntu 64 bits Server
    * Kubuntu SVG Kubuntu SVG
    * Kubuntu 32 bits Desktop
    * Kubuntu 64 bits Desktop

Download it from -- here

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source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2009/04/135781757115832.html

tutorial - Iptraf - Ncurses based LAN monitor

IPTraf is a network monitoring utility for IP networks. It intercepts packets on the network and gives out various pieces of information about the current IP traffic over it. Information returned by IPTraf include:

    * Total, IP, TCP, UDP, ICMP, and non-IP byte counts
    * TCP source and destination addresses and ports
    * TCP packet and byte counts
    * TCP flag statuses
    * UDP source and destination information
    * ICMP type information
    * OSPF source and destination information
    * TCP and UDP service statistics
    * Interface packet counts
    * Interface IP checksum error counts
    * Interface activity indicators
    * LAN station statistics

IPTraf can be used to monitor the load on an IP network, the most used types of network services, the proceedings of TCP connections, and others.

Installation:
OpenSuSe 11.1 - here
OpenSuSe 11.0 - here

Others:
Download the latest version. Once you have it downloaded, move it to /usr/local/src and untar it by running: # tar -zxvf iptraf-3.0.0.tar.gz

To compile and install, just change to the iptraf-3.0.0 top-level directory and type:./Setup
This will automatically compile and install the software and install the binaries into /usr/local/bin so make sure that directory is in your PATH.

The traditional way to do it ..

        cd src
        make clean
        make
        make install

Precompiled binaries are available in the iptraf-3.0.0.i386.bin.tar.gz file. This contains no source code and is expected to run on Intel x86 Linux with the GNU C Library 2.1 or later.

Once you have it installed, start it up by typing /usr/local/bin/iptraf as root. An ncurses based main menu will come up on your screen and you will have a list of options that you can select.

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2009/05/13578175718399.html

tutorial - ntop (Monitor Network Traffic) installation/configuration on OpenSuSe

ntop is a network traffic probe that shows the network usage, similar to what the popular top Unix command does. ntop is based on libpcap and it has been written in a portable way in order to virtually run on every Unix platform and on Win32 as well.

ntop users can use a a web browser (e.g. Firefox) to navigate through ntop (that acts as a web server) traffic information and get a dump of the network status. In the latter case, ntop can be seen as a simple RMON-like agent with an embedded web interface. The use of:

    * a web interface
    * limited configuration and administration via the web interface
    * reduced CPU and memory usage (they vary according to network size and traffic)

make ntop easy to use and suitable for monitoring various kind of networks.

To run ntop you also require rrdtool, if not install, install it : # yast2 -i rrdtool rrdtool-devel

Installation: Use "1-click" installer to install ntop
OpenSuSe 11.1 - here
OpenSuSe 11.0 - here

Once the installation is successfully completed run ntop -A (as a root user) for the first time to set the password for the default ntop admin user (admin).

Now go to /etc/sysconfig/ntop config file and make the necessary changes like web interface (NTOPD_PORT="127.0.0.1:3000") and ethernet card (ip address) on which you want to monitor your network traffic like eth0, something like ....

After making all the necessary changes just restart the ntop server: # /etc/init.d/ntop restart and go to you web browser and point to: http://localhost:3000 to see network traffic flowing in and out of your network, something like ...

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2009/04/135781757115218.html

tutorial - Monitoring MySQL servers using mytop on OpenSuSe & Others

MySQL is one of the most important programs on a server, unfortunatly it is also pretty resource intensive. One a server it is not uncommon for a single user or even a query to take up the bulk of the servers cpu cycles. Mytop is a very useful program to see what queries a server is currently processing as well as which user is executing them. Think of mytop as top for mysql. If you see a lot from a user that means they are probably the hog. Mytop can also be useful for figuring out exactly which queries are causing the problem in the case of a self-designed website. The following is how to install mytop on the server and run it.

Installation: use "1-click" installer to install mytop
OpenSuSe 11.1 - here
OpenSuSe 11.0 - here

Others: Download the latest version of mytop - here and follow the below instruction to compile and install mytop

tar -zxvf mytop-.tar.gz
cd mytop-
perl Makefile.PL
make
make test
make install

Using mytop:
You can directly use the mytop by typing “mytop” on your console screen initially you will get a message that “Unable to connect to Mysql” you will need to provide the host name, database name, username, password

To connect to the MySql database using Mytop you will need to give all your MySql details as a parameter:

-u - username of the database
-p - password for connecting to the database
-h - Host Name
-d - database name

Example: mytop -u root -p password -h localhost -d test

Instead of always using bulky command-line parameters, you can also use a config file in your home directory (~/.mytop). If present, mytop will read it automatically. It is read before any of your command-line arguments are processed, so your command-line arguments will override directives in the config file.

Here is a sample config file ~/.mytop which implements the defaults described above.

user=root
pass= xxxx
host=localhost
db=mysar
delay=5
port=3306
socket=
batchmode=0
header=1
color=1
idle=1

Using a config file will help to ensure that your database password isn't visible to users on the command-line. Just make sure that the permissions on ~/.mytop are such that others cannot read it., now go to console and type command: # mytop and you should see something like ...

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2009/05/135781757119811.html

tutorial - Find and Remove "orphaned" packages from your OpenSuSe system

The rpm packaging system is a very good tool (compared to tar.gz), but when you want to install a software foo, you often have to install some libraries too (libfoo1, libfoo2 ). Now when you remove the foo package, librairies are often forgotten, and the disk space is decreasing ...

Another case : when you upgrade your linux box, you will also see forgotten packages (check with rpm -qa --last command !)

rpmorphan finds "orphaned" packages on your system. It determines which packages have no other packages depending on their installation, and shows you a list of these packages. It intends to be clone of deborphan debian tools for rpm packages.

It will try to help you to remove unused packages, for exemple :
    * after a distribution upgrade
    * when you want to suppress packages after some tests

several tools are also provided :
    * rpmusage : display rpm packages last use date
    * rpmdep : display the full dependency of an installed rpm package
    * rpmduplicates : find programs with several version installed

Installation: use "1-click" installer to install the package
OpenSuSe 11.1 - here
OpenSuSe 11.0 - here

After successful installation, for a quick start, try the following command: # rpmorphan --gui --all

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2009/05/13578175711040.html

tutorial - Installing Ubuntu without external media

The below method is only applicable if you alread have Linux (any) running, here I am using OpenSuSe 11.1 to install ubuntu-9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope) also you need a seperate partition to install ubuntu. you can also use gparted to create some space for ubuntu.

The benefits of installing without external media are that it can save you time if you are already familiar with the process, and you get a very usable system upon booting into the installer because it is running from a hard drive rather than a CD.

Note: you need to be root on your existing Linux system to use any of the below mentioned command

1) Download ubuntu iso - here

Note: I got my OpenSuSe 11.1 installed on /dev/sda2 and I want to install ubuntu on /dev/sda6, so check you device and move on.

2) Copy the iso contents using the command :

mkdir /tmp/iso
mount ubuntu-9.04-desktop-i386.iso -o loop /tmp/iso
mkdir /installer
mount /dev/sda6 /installer
cp -r /tmp/iso/* /installer
cp -r /tmp/iso/.disk /installer
umount /tmp/iso

3) Edit your grub configuration file (/etc/grub.conf or /boot/grub/menu.lst) to boot ubuntu.

title           Ubuntu installer
root            (hd0,5)
kernel        /casper/vmlinuz boot=casper root=/dev/ram ramdisk_size=1048576 rw
initrd          /casper/initrd.gz

The first line after the title tells grub which partition contains the installer. hd0 stands for "first hard disk," and the 5 following it standards for sixth partition. You will need to change this if your installer partition is different from /dev/sda6.

4) Reboot, and choose "Ubuntu installer" from the grub boot menu, and continue as if you were installing from CD.

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2009/05/1357817571875.html

tutorial - Monitoring Apache Server on OpenSuSe - apachetop

Apachetop is a curses-based realtime utility to display information from a running copy of Apache.

It is modelled after the standard 'top' utility, and displays information such as the requests pers second, bytes per second and the most popular URLs displayed.

It must be run from a machine running Apache, as it works by processing the logfiles found in /var/log/apache

Installation: use "1-click" installer to install apachetop
OpenSuSe 11.1 - here
OpenSuSe 11.0 - here

Using Apachetop:
ApacheTop watches a logfile generated by Apache (in standard common or combined logformat, and generates human-parsable output in realtime.

-f logfile
    Select which file to watch. Specify this option multiple times to watch multiple files.
-H hits | -T time
    These options are mutually exclusive. Specify only one, if any at all. They work as follows. ApacheTop maintains a table of information internally containing all the relevant information about the hits it's seen. This table can only be a finite size, so you need to decide how big it's going to be. You have two options. You can either: Use -H to say "remember hits" or      Use -T to say "remember all hits in seconds"
    The default (at the moment) is to remember hits for 30 seconds. Setting this too large (whichever option you choose) will cause ApacheTop to use more memory and more CPU time. My experimentation finds that remembering no more than around 5000 requests works well.
-q
    Instructs ApacheTop to keep the querystrings, not remove them.
-l
    Instructs ApacheTop to lowercase all URLs, thus /FOO and /foo are treated as the same and accumulate the same statistics.
-s segments
    Instructs ApacheTop to only keep the first parts of the path. Trailing slashes are kept if present. Statistics are then merged for each truncated url.
-p
    Instructs ApacheTop to keep the protocol (http:// usually) at the front of its' referrer strings. Normal behaviour is to remove them to give more room to more useful information.
-r secs
    Set default refresh delay, in seconds.

Example: apachetop -f /var/log/apache2/access_log

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2009/05/13578175719104.html

tutorial - Monitoring DNS server on OpenSuSe - dnstop

dnstop is a great tool when maintaining a DNS server. Log file can give out required information but dnstop is just like top command for monitoring dns traffic. It is a small tool to listen on device or to parse the file savefile and collect and print statistics on the local network's DNS traffic. You can see information about all DNS clients, DNS queries and much more with this tool.

Installation: Use "1-click" installer to install dnstop
OpenSuSe 11.1 - here
OpenSuSe 11.0 - here

After successful installation, go to console and use command: dnstop eth0, this will show you the output from where (client ip address) you are getting the request on interface "eth0"

now press "2" to get the detail information about the domain-name that was resolved by your dnsserver

There many more option to provide detailed view of current, traffic, just type ? to view help for all run time options:

s - Sources list
d - Destinations list
t - Query types
o - Opcodes
r - Rcodes
1 - 1st level Query Names      ! - with Sources
2 - 2nd level Query Names      @ - with Sources
3 - 3rd level Query Names      # - with Sources
4 - 4th level Query Names      $ - with Sources
5 - 5th level Query Names      % - with Sources
6 - 6th level Query Names      ^ - with Sources
7 - 7th level Query Names      & - with Sources
8 - 8th level Query Names      * - with Sources
9 - 9th level Query Names      ( - with Sources

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2009/05/13578175716044.html

tutorial - Monitoring Bandwidth Usage - iftop

iftop does for network usage what top(1) does for CPU usage. It listens to network traffic on a named interface and displays a table of current bandwidth usage by pairs of hosts.

Overview of IFTOP
* iftop (interface top) derives the name from the standard unix top command. top command displays real-time CPU Usage. iftop command displays real-time network bandwidth usage.

* iftop displays the network usage of a specific interface on the host.

* Using iftop you can identify which host is responsible for slowing down your network.

* To find out which process is causing the problem, note down the port number from the iftop and use netstat -p to identify the process.

* iftop monitors your network activity, and displays a table of current bandwidth.

Installation:
OpenSuSe user can use "1-click" installer to install iftop
OpenSuSe 11.1 - here
OpenSuSe 11.0 - here

Others:
Download the source code form the iftop website - here and compile/install iftop using following commands

# tar -zxvf iftop-0.17.tar.gz
# cd iftop-0.17
# ./configure
# make
# make install

Using:
Go to your cosole and use command: iftop to start monitoring the bandwidth usage.
you can also specify a particular interface with the -i option: iftop -i eth1, some other options ..
* -p Enables promiscuous mode, so the traffic on any interface (if there is more than once) is checked and counted

* -P Shows also the port that connection is using both on both side

* -N Do not resolve port names, which is the default behavior when you enable the -P option, so it will shows you :www or :80

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2009/05/135781757119177.html

tutorial - Deluge BitTorrent client - OpenSuSe

Deluge is a full-featured BitTorrent client for Linux, Unix and Windows. It uses libtorrent in it's backend and PyGTK for it's user interface.

Deluge features a rich plugin collection; in fact, most of Deluge's functionality is available in the form of plugins.

Deluge was created with the intention of being lightweight and unobtrusive. It is our belief that downloading shouldn't be the primary task on your computer and therefore shouldn't monopolize system resources.

Features:
    * Web UI
    * BitTorrent Protocol Encryption
    * Mainline DHT
    * Local Peer Discovery (aka LSD)
    * FAST protocol extension
    * µTorrent Peer Exchange
    * UPnP and NAT-PMP
    * Proxy support
    * Private Torrents
    * Global and per-torrent speed limits
    * Password protection
    * And much more!

Installation: Use "1-click" installer to install Deluge
OpenSuSe 11.1 - here

After sucessfull installation go to start >> Application >> Internet >> Data Exchange and select deluge to open the deluge.

Deluge is easy to use. For example, I wanted to try out Linux Mint 4.0 for Xfce, so I went to the site and clicked on the appropriate torrent link. After confirming the download, Deluge started getting my download with no fuss. You can also add a torrent directly by clicking on File >> Add Torrent From URL and entering its URL.

There are dozens of BitTorrent clients available, but if you're looking for one that both is powerful and has a small footprint, consider Deluge.

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2009/05/13578175719771.html

tutorial - Gmail Notifier - OpenSuSe

CheckGmail is a system tray application that checks a Gmail account for new mail. When new mail is present the tray icon changes, an optional animated popup is displayed and a tooltip displays the number and details of new messages. Each message can be opened directly in a browser window, and many common Gmail operations (marking as read, archiving, deleting or reporting as spam) can be carried out on messages directly within CheckGmail, without the need to use the Gmail web interface.

Configuration of CheckGmail is GUI-based and the application is designed to be simple, elegant and unobtrusive.

Features:
    * Small, fast and elegant
    * Open messages, mark as read, archive, delete, or report as spam directly from the popup window
    * Get and display the full text of messages in the notification window
    * Supports multiple languages
    * Can be run in multiple instances to check different mail accounts
    * Can run commands (eg play a sound, turn on a LED) when new mail is present
    * Supports Gmail hosted domains
    * Optional password security
    * Supports proxy servers

Installation: Use "1-click" installer to install CheckGmail
OpenSuSe 11.1 - here
OpenSuSe 11.0 - here

After successful installation, go to Start >> Application >> Internet >> E-Mail and open KCheckGmail and you will observe that a new tray icon got added, right click on the icon and select "Configure"

Click on "continue" to configure username and password and other very useful settings

After sucessfull configuration you should see something like ...

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2009/05/13578175712274.html

tutorial - Create Screencasts on OpenSuSe with recordMyDesktop

A picture is worth a thousand words, especially when you're teaching someone how to do something on a computer, and recordMyDesktop is a great little Linux application for creating screencasts. YouTube is full of recordMyDesktop screencasts showing all kinds of captures, including Compiz in action.

recordMyDesktop is a program that captures audio-video data of a desktop session, producing an ogg-encapsulated theora-vorbis file.

recordMyDesktop tries to be as unobstrusive as possible by processing only regions of the screen that have changed.

The program is separated in two parts; a simple command line tool that performs the basic tasks of capturing and encoding and an interface that exposes the program functionality in a usable way. The frontend comes in two versions. One frontend is written with the gtk toolkit (named gtk-recordMyDesktop) and a more recent one with the Qt toolkit (qt-recordMyDesktop).

recordMyDesktop also offers the ability to record audio through ALSA, OSS or the JACK audio server.

Installation: Use "1-click" installer to install gtkpod
OpenSuSe 11.1 - here

After successful installation go to console and use command: gtk-recordMyDesktop to launch recordMyDesktop application

Running from command line: Hit Ctrl+C to stop recording:

$ recordmydesktop --no-sound -o newtest.ogg

Initial recording window is set to:
X:0   Y:0    Width:1152    Height:864
Adjusted recording window is set to:
X:0   Y:0    Width:1152    Height:864
Your window manager appears to be KWin
....
^C
*********************************************
Cached 42 MB, from 3189 MB that were received.
Average cache compression ratio: 98.7 %
*********************************************
Saved 840 frames in a total of 1123 requests
Shutting down......
STATE:ENCODING
Encoding started!
This may take several minutes.
Pressing Ctrl-C will cancel the procedure (resuming will not be possible, but
any portion of the video, which is already encoded won't be deleted).
Please wait...
Output file: newtest.ogg.ogv
[100%]
Encoding finished!
Wait a moment please...

Done.
Written 6587308 bytes
(6587308 of which were video data and 0 audio data)

Cleanning up cache...
Done!!!
Goodbye!

The result is an ogg theora-encoded video file named newtest.ogg, and it should be playable in most Linux media players, such as Kaffeine, VLC, and MPlayer.

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2009/05/135781757113800.html

tutorial - Transferring audio/video to iPod on OpenSuSe

gtkpod is a Graphical User Interface (GUI) for Apple's iPod. It supports the first to fifth iPod generations including the iPod mini, iPod Photo, iPod Shuffle, iPod nano, and iPod Video.

It allows you to import your existing iTunes database, add songs, podcasts, videos and cover art, and to edit ID3 tags.

The latest version has added a raft of new features including: preliminary support gapless playback for MP3 files, multi-threaded on-the fly conversion of WAV, FLAC and OGG files to formats the iPod understands, background-copying of tracks to the iPod, display of album art, and the downloading of album art.

Features include:
    * Remove and export tracks from the iPod
    * Import and export Visio VDX files
    * Read an existing iTunesDB ( import the existing contents of an iPod including playcounts, ratings and on-the-go playlists)
    * Write the updated iTunesDB and added songs to the iPod
    * Add MP3, WAV, M4A (non-protected AAC), M4B (audio book), podcasts, and various video files (single files, directories or existing playlists) to the iPod
    * Normalize the volume of tracks (uses mp3gain or the replay-gain tag)
    * Create and modify playlists, including smart playlists
    * View, add and modify Cover Art
    * Browse the contents of a local harddisk by album/artist/genre by adding all your songs to the 'local' database
    * Extract tag information (artist, album, title...) from the filename
    * Detect duplicates when adding songs (optional)
    * Modify & refresh ID3 tags
    * Synchronize directories
    * Work offline and synchronize new playlists / songs with the iPod at a later time.
    * Export korganizer, kaddressbook, Thunderbird, evocalendar, Evolution etc data to the iPod
    * Choose the character set the ID3 tags are encoded in from within gtkpod

Installation: Use "1-click" installer to install gtkpod
OpenSuSe 11.1 - here
OpenSuSe 11.0 - here

After successful installation go to Start >> Application >> Multimedia >> Administration and launch gtkpod application

Now after connecting ipod launch gtkpod and you will find you ipod listed in the leftmost pane of the application.

Now to add audio/video to your ipod just drag the respective file/folder into ipod's playlist and press the save changes button and the files should be loaded properly in the ipod.

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2009/05/13578175713369.html

tutorial - How to set Access/Restrictions on users logins

Time Based Restrictions
These examples will limit the login times of certain users. See /etc/security/time.conf for more information/examples. In order to place time restrictions on user logins, the following must be placed in /etc/pam.d/login:

account    required    /lib/security/pam_time.so

The remaining lines should be placed in /etc/security/time.conf.

1. Only allow user nikesh to login during on weekdays between 7 am and 5 pm.

      login;*;nikesh;Wd0700-1700

2. Allow users A & B to login on all days between 8 am and 5 pm except for Sunday.

      login;*;A|B;AlSu0800-1700

If a day is specified more than once, it is unset. So in the above example, Sunday is specified twice (Al = All days, Su = Sunday). This causes it to be unset, so this rule applies to all days except Sunday.

Access Based Restrictions
/etc/security/access.conf can be used to restrict access by terminal or host. The following must be placed in /etc/pam.d/login in order for these examples to work:

account    required   /lib/security/pam_access.so

1. Deny nikesh login access on all terminals except for tty1:

      -:nikesh:ALL EXCEPT tty1

2. Users in the group operator are only allowed to login from a local terminal:

      -:operator:ALL EXCEPT LOCAL

3. Allow user A to only login from a trusted server:

      -:A:ALL EXCEPT trusted.somedomain.com

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2009/05/135781757111023.html

tutorial - How to allow access to the mail server by individual domains - Sendmail

The access database (normally in /etc/mail/access) allows a mail administrator to administratively allow access to the mail server by individual domains. Each database entry consists of a domain name or network number as the key and an action as the value.

Keys can be a fully or partly qualified host or domain name such as host.subdomain.domain.com, subdomain.domain.com, or domain.com. The last two forms match any host or subdomain under the specified domain.

Keys can also be a network address or subnetwork, e.g., 205.199.2.250, 205.199.2, or 205.199. The latter two forms match any host in the indicated subnetwork. Lastly, keys can be user@host.domain to reject mail from a specific user.

Values can be REJECT to refuse connections from this host, DISCARD to accept the message but silently discard it (the sender will think it has been accepted), OK to allow access (overriding other built-in checks), RELAY to allow access including relaying SMTP through your machine, or an arbitrary message to reject the mail with the customized message.

For example, a database might contain:
abc.com REJECT

sendmail.org RELAY

spam@buyme.com 550 Spammer

to reject all mail from any host in the abc.com domain, allow any relaying to or from any host in the sendmail.org domain, and reject mail from spam@buyme.com with a specific message.

Note that the access database is a map and just as with all maps, the database must be generated using makemap. For example: makemap hash /etc/mail/access < /etc/mail/access

source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2009/05/13578175717540.html