tutorial - How authentication work between web server and Browser

When a particular resource has been protected using basic authentication, Apache sends a 401 Authentication Required header with the response to the request, in order to notify the client that user credentials must be supplied in order for the resource to be returned as requested.

Upon receiving a 401 response header, the client’s browser, if it supports basic authentication, will ask the user to supply a username and password to be sent to the server. If you are using a graphical browser, such as Netscape or Internet Explorer, what you will see is a box which pops up and gives you a place to type in your username and password, to be sent back to the server. If the username is in the approved list, and if the password supplied is correct, the resource will be returned to the client.

Because the HTTP protocol is stateless, each request will be treated in the same way, even though they are from the same client. That is, every resource which is requested from the server will have to supply authentication credentials over again in order to receive the resource.

Fortunately, the browser takes care of the details here, so that you only have to type in your username and password one time per browser session - that is, you might have to type it in again the next time you open up your browser and visit the same web site.

Along with the 401 response, certain other information will be passed back to the client. In particular, it sends a name which is associated with the protected area of the web site. This is called the realm, or just the authentication name. The client browser caches the username and password that you supplied, and stores it along with the authentication realm, so that if other resources are requested from the same realm, the same username and password can be returned to authenticate that request without requiring the user to type them in again. This caching is usually just for the current browser session, but some browsers allow you to store them permanently, so that you never have to type in your password again.

The authentication name, or realm, will appear in the pop-up box, in order to identify what the username and password are being requested for.


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source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/07/135781758018777.html

tutorial - 42 of the Best Free Linux Audio Software

To provide an insight into the quality of software that is available, we have compiled a list of 42 high quality Linux audio applications, covering a broad range of different uses. Most of the titles included here are desktop applications sporting an attractive front-end, although we have not forgotten console software.

We intend to examine audio programming languages (both text and graphical based) in a future article, including the impressive Csound. We also will cover the commercial Linux audio scene in a later article. Software such as Transcribe! (transcribe recorded music), MuSing (rhythm maker), energyXT2 (music production) are likely to figure in that article.

It's worth mentioning that there are a number of Linux distributions that specialise in multimedia and digital content creation platforms. These include 64 Studio, DeMiDi, dyne:bolic and Ubuntu Studio. Besides packaging and configuring audio applications, these distros also typically feature a kernel that has been modified for intensive audio work, helping to reduce audio latency.

Now, let's explore the 42 audio applications at hand. For each title we have compiled its own portal page, providing a screenshot of the software in action, a full description with an in-depth analysis of its features, together with links to relevant resources and reviews.

More Here


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source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/07/13578175802716.html

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