Are you new to Web design? Not sure how to update your Web site? Join your peers in this introductory workshop that explains the Web design process at Sacramento State and contains useful tips to guide you as you create and implement your Web pages. Topics include: how browsers display Web pages, the Web guidelines and process at Sacramento State, how to organize your Web site, ways to evaluate your Web site, and resources available to you.
Prerequisites
Individuals taking this workshop should have basic computer skills, knowledge of the Web, basic Web browser skills, and the ability to effectively work in the Windows or Macintosh OS environment.
Objectives
Participants attending this workshop will:
▪Review the Sacramento State Web guidelines.
▪Attain a beginning understanding of the Web publishing process.
▪Organize a sample Web site.
▪Learn how to evaluate a Web site.
▪Discover where to find Web design resources.
UNDERSTANDING THE WORLD WIDE WEB
The Internet is a collection of computers around the world connected to each other via a high-speed series of networks. The World Wide Web – or Web – consists of a vast assortment of files and documents that are stored on these computers and written in some form of HyperText Markup Language (HTML) that tells browsers how to display the information. The computers that store the files are called servers because they can serve requests from many users at the same time. Users access these HTML files and documents via applications called browsers.
The Language of the Web: HTML
HTML, or HyperText Markup Language, is the authoring language that describes how a Web page should be displayed by a Web browser. It has two essential features: hypertext and universality. Hypertext means when a visitor clicks a link on a Web page, the visitor is led to another Web page or document. Universality means that because HTML documents are saved as text files, virtually any computer can read a Web page.1 For increased accessibility to your Web pages, we recommend using XHTML (eXtensible HyperText Markup Language) when creating your Web pages.Web Browsers
A Web browser is a program that displays Web pages and other documents on the Web. Unfortunately, different browsers may interpret the HTML of Web pages somewhat differently, and thus, when you create Web pages remember that they may appear different when viewed in various browsers. The University supports the browsers illustrated below, which can be downloaded free from the company’s Web site.Internet Explorer (www.microsoft.com)
Firefox (www.mozilla.org)
Internet Explorer (www.microsoft.com) Firefox (www.mozilla.org)
Safari (Mac - www.apple.com)
Note: A visitor can customize many display features of a browser, including:
▪background color
▪font
▪font size
▪text and link colors, and
▪whether or not to download images.
How Browsers Display Web pages
When a Web page is opened in a browser, the browser reads and interprets the HTML file and formats the Web page for display. If there are references to external files, such as images or multimedia, these files are downloaded from the server and displayed in the browser window. It is important to note that HTML files are text files that only contain references to the external files – you do not “embed” these files into the Web page.
Saving a Web Page You Visit
Sometimes you may want to save a copy of a Web page you visit so you can view the design of the Web page later in a Web editor. To save a Web page, follow these steps:step 1.
View the Web page in your browser, if it is not currently visible.
step 2.
From the File menu in your browser select Save As (Internet Explorer, Safari) or Save Page As (Firefox).
step 3.
For the PC: In the drop-down menu next to the Save as type field, select Web Page, HTML only. If you want to save the Web page and the associated images, select Web Page, Complete (Internet Explorer, Firefox). For the Macintosh: In the drop-down menu next to Format select HTML Source (Internet Explorer) or Web Page, HTML only (Firefox). Choose Web Archive (Internet Explorer) or Web Page, complete (Firefox) to save the Web page and its images. In Safari, simply go to the next step.
step 4.
Choose the name of the Web page file and select the location on your computer where you want to save the Web page.
step 5.
Click Save.
WEB GUIDELINES
Sacramento State Web GuidelinesFaculty, staff, and students who are responsible for publishing Web content for schools, departments, program centers, and official student organizations should become familiar with the following University guidelines and policies:
1. Sacramento State Web Policy
http://www.csus.edu/irt/web/Policies/Web-Policy.html
2. Identity Style Guide
http://www.csus.edu/pa/identity
Accessibility
Accessibility in terms of Web design generally refers to facilitating the use of technology for people with disabilities. Providing equivalent access to Web sites for all students, faculty, and staff at Sacramento State is required under Section 508 of the federal Rehabilitation Act. For more information, visit the Accessibility at Sacramento State website at
http://www.csus.edu/accessibility/.
Faculty, staff, and students who develop University-related Web pages need to become familiar with Section 508 to adequately address accessibility concerns. It is also helpful to understand how text browsers, screen readers, magnifiers, and other assistive technologies work.
Your quick guide to understanding accessibility guidelines:
http://www.csus.edu/accessibility/.
Faculty, staff, and students who develop University-related Web pages need to become familiar with Section 508 to adequately address accessibility concerns. It is also helpful to understand how text browsers, screen readers, magnifiers, and other assistive technologies work.
Your quick guide to understanding accessibility guidelines:
1.Take a Web Accessibility workshop.
2.Read the information from WebAIM at Considering the User Perspective: A Summary of Design Issues (http://www.webaim.org/articles/userperspective/).
3.Visit the Center for Assistive Technology and Environmental Access (catea) Accessibility Learning Module (http://www.accesselearning.net/).
4.Test your Web pages for accessibility using Dreamweaver or Cynthia Says:
a.Take advantage of the accessibility tools in Dreamweaver. http://www.adobe.com/accessibility/products/dreamweaver/
b. Test your Web pages using Cynthia Says, a free online service. http://www.cynthiasays.com
Copyright
Copyright refers to laws created to protect the rights of individuals to their materials, for a specified period of time, so that they may obtain commercial benefit from the works and have control over how their works are used. These laws originated in the Constitution of the United States, but have been modified and expanded with subsequent legislation.
Most intellectual works are copyrighted from the moment they are created into a fixed form. There need be no notice or registration of copyright. Illegal copying can result in legal proceedings being brought against those who use information and/or products without permission, including both the individual and the University. Because copying information is so easily accomplished, it is important for faculty, staff, and students to become aware of what usages are allowed for education so that responsible choices can be made.
Your quick guide to understanding copyright guidelines:
Copyright refers to laws created to protect the rights of individuals to their materials, for a specified period of time, so that they may obtain commercial benefit from the works and have control over how their works are used. These laws originated in the Constitution of the United States, but have been modified and expanded with subsequent legislation.
Most intellectual works are copyrighted from the moment they are created into a fixed form. There need be no notice or registration of copyright. Illegal copying can result in legal proceedings being brought against those who use information and/or products without permission, including both the individual and the University. Because copying information is so easily accomplished, it is important for faculty, staff, and students to become aware of what usages are allowed for education so that responsible choices can be made.
Your quick guide to understanding copyright guidelines:
1. View the Know Your Copy Rights ™ brochure (PDF)
http://www.knowyourcopyrights.org/bm~doc/kycrbrochurebw.pdf
2. Read the TEACH Act chart — a summary for educators.
http://www.halldavidson.net/copyright_chart.pdf
3. Check out the Fair Use Worksheet at NC State to see if your proposed use falls within the fair use guidelines.
http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/scc/tutorial/copyuse/worksheet.pdf
Educational Permissions
The reprinting of materials for coursepacks is not considered fair use. Services such as the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) and XanEdu can prepare coursepacks for you and obtain the necessary permissions. Fees vary depending upon the cost of copyright permission, copying, binding, and processing fees. Students bear the cost of the coursepacks – the average cost can range from $5.00 to $25.00.
COURSEPACKS
The Hornet Bookstore offers XanEdu Digital Coursepacks, http://www.xanedu.com.
RESOURCES
The Copyright Management Center at Indiana University-Purdue University provides a step-by-step guide to obtaining permissions at
http://www.copyright.iupui.edu/permsec.htm.
Sample coursepack permission request and agreement forms are available at
http://fairuse.stanford.edu/Copyright_and_Fair_Use_Overview/chapter7/7-a.html
http://www.copyright.iupui.edu/permsec.htm.
Sample coursepack permission request and agreement forms are available at
http://fairuse.stanford.edu/Copyright_and_Fair_Use_Overview/chapter7/7-a.html
THE WEB PROCESS AT SACRAMENTO STATE
This overview shows you the six steps needed to successfully get your information online.
1.Request a Sacramento State Web server Account
This overview shows you the six steps needed to successfully get your information online.
1.Request a Sacramento State Web server Account
a. Departmental – contact your departmental sponsor
b. Faculty request form (http://www.csus.edu/irt/Web/Forms/CSUSWeb-Request.html
c. SacLink request form (http://webpages.csus.edu)
d. SacCT request form (http://www.csus.edu/webct/selfservicehelp/)
2.Gather Materials
a. Assignments, Syllabus, Handouts, Textbook Info
b. Images, Photographs
c. PowerPoint lectures, etc.
3.Create/Edit HTML Files
a. Text Editors [Notepad (PC), SimpleText (Mac)]
b. Web Editors [Adobe Dreamweaver, Microsoft FrontPage]
c. You may need to convert some materials for use on the Web.
4.Preview HTML Files
a. View the local files using a Web browser, such as Internet Explorer, Firefox, or Safari (Mac)
b. Remember to test all of your hyperlinks.
5.Upload to Server
a. Copy the files to a Web server using either WS_FTP, Fetch, Dreamweaver, FrontPage, or SacCT
6.View pages on Web
a. View pages on the World Wide Web using a Web browser, such as Internet Explorer, Firefox, or Safari (Mac)
WEB SITE ORGANIZATION
File Naming ConventionsWhen creating a Web site (or a Web page), there are a few rules for creating filenames. These rules not only apply to HTML files, but to any file or document that is part of your Web site.
1. Use lower-case letters in your file names. You may use upper-case letters, but do so sparingly. Uploading files with capitals into WebCT can create problems. Some older browsers do not locate files that are not exactly specified.
2. Only use numbers and letters in your file names. File names must begin with a letter (not a number). Special characters, except those noted below, should not be used – including #, & and comma. Do not use any spaces within a filename.
3. Representing spaces within a filename: You may use the underscore (‘_’) character or the dash (‘-‘) character to represent a space in a filename.
4. File extensions: Use .htm or .html as the file extension when you name your HTML files. Be consistent with the convention you use.
SITE STRUCTURE
Every Web site that you build or inherit should have a consistent and simple organization – called a site structure. A site is a collection of HTML files, documents and images contained in a single master folder (the root folder). Within this root folder you can save your documents and subfolders organized in a manner that makes sense to you, as well as to others in your department that may need to edit the information.
We recommend that the structure of your Web site include:1.A root folder that contains the Web site.
2.A Web page entitled index.htm (or index.html) that resides within the root folder to represent the default homepage for the Web site.
3.An images folder that contains the graphics, illustrations, images and photographs used in your Web pages.
4.Additional folders for organizing your content.
EXERCISE 1 File Names and Site Structure
With your assigned group, create a site structure from the following list of files. Use the file naming conventions discussed earlier to rename the files, if necessary.Mainpage.htm
MYPICTURE.JPG
footer.gif
Topic One.htm
Syllabus & intro.doc
Topic 2 presentation file.pdf
banner.jpg
topic two.htm
topic_one.pdf
topic#2.mp3
WORKING WITH IMAGES
It is important that you prepare your images before inserting them into your Web pages. Use an image editor, like Adobe Photoshop Elements, to optimize and resize your images for use on the Web, and save your files as either GIF or JPG files in the images folder within the site folder.Acquiring Images
HTML documents can contain references to images. These images can be photographs, designs, icons, or logos and can be acquired in several ways, such as:
- Buying or downloading ready-made images.
- Digitizing photographs. This can either be accomplished with a digital camera or a scanner. The University offers four workshops that address these issues.
- Creating your own images. To design your own images, an image-editing program must be used, such as Adobe Photoshop or Adobe Photoshop Elements.
Image Copyright
Copyright laws must be considered in any use of audio and video recordings, images and any work authored by another person or entity. Do you have permissions to use that image or video? Or, will using them fall under fair use? Be safe by following guidelines which provide a “safe harbor” within which to make choices about using others’ materials or portions thereof. Refer to the Copyright section on page 5 for additional information.Image File Format
The two most common image formats on the Web are:1.GIF (Graphic Interchange Format) – used for illustrations without gradients.
2.JPEG or JPG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) – used for photographs, illustrations with gradients and large images.
Image File Size
Whenever you include an image in a Web page, you need to be aware of your image file size. If your image file sizes are large, they will take longer to download (or appear) on the Web page.In general, try to keep images file sizes as small as possible, without degrading the quality too much.
How do you find out the file size? You can either right-click the image (or Cmd+click on the Macintosh), and then click ‘properties.’ You may also open the picture within an image-editing program, such as Adobe Photoshop Elements.
Image File Location
Before inserting an image into your Web page, it is important that it is located within your Web site folder. Images should be stored in an images folder that is located in your Web site folder. This is very important for file organization and file management. Here is an example: Free, facebook, tips, Links, blogging, Downloads, Google, facebookTips, money, news, apps, Social, Media, Website, Tricks, games, Android, software, PIctures, Internet, Security, Web, codes, Review, bloggers, SAMSUNG, Worldwide, Contest, Exitic, Phones, facebookTricks, hacking, London, Olympics, SEO, Youtube, iOS, Adsense, gadgets, iPHONE, widgets, Doodle, twitter, video, Deals, technology, Aircel, Airtel, iPAD, Angry, Birds, BSNL, TechLife, GMAIL, Idea, Microsoft, SmartPhones, Stress, Buster, Windows, Yahoo, Infolinks, Nokia, Scam, Uninor, browsers, Amazon, Euro, CUP, Chat, IDM, JOBS, Modem, Music, Reliance, Results, SSC, Tata, Docomo, bing, freebie, mobile, placements, AIEEE, AlertPay, Chrome, College, Competetive, Exam, Dehradun, Extension, FireFox, GPRS, HTC, IMPACT, Info, MTS, Mark, Zukerberg, Paypal, Promotional, Post, Torrent, UTU, Unlocking, VodaFone, Wall, Paper, apple, books, engineering, iCAR, iTunes, pinterest, rovio, AVG, Admit, Card, Adobe, Affiliate, Marketing, Akhilesh, Amul, Girl, BlackBerry, ChromeBook, Clixsense, Coupon, Digitallife, Discovery, Emoticons, Festival, GATE, GIMP, Income, Tax, International, JSS, JailBreaking, Kindle, Linux, Local, MAX, PAYNE, Mac, Mango, Memory, Speed, Nexus, Online, Shopping, Raakhi, Report, Rising, Stars, Sample, Science, Sony, Syllabus, TabletBooK, Teamviewer, Templates, Dark, Knight, Rises, USA, UPMT, Virgin, Xperia, ZTE, challan, counselling, course, btech, funny, iMOVE, registration
source:http://trafficneed.blogspot.com/2012/06/135786650619627.html