At an ethernet segment, tcpdump operates by putting the network card into promiscuous mode in order to capture all the packets going through the wire. Using tcpdump we have a view on any TCP/UDP connection establishment and termination and we can measure the response time and the packet loss percentagesTo print
Some simple usage:
all packets arriving at or departing from 192.168.0.2
# tcpdump -n host 192.168.0.2
To print traffic between 192.168.0.2 and either 10.0.0.4 or 10.0.0.5:
# tcpdump -n host 192.168.0.2 and \( 10.0.0.4 or 10.0.0.5 \)
To print all IP packets between 192.168.0.2 and any host except 10.0.0.5:
# tcpdump ip -n host 192.168.0.2 and not 10.0.0.5
To print all traffic between local hosts and hosts at Berkeley:
# tcpdump net ucb-ether
To print all ftp traffic through internet gateway xx:
# tcpdump 'gateway xx and (port ftp or ftp-data)'
To print traffic neither sourced from nor destined for local hosts (if you gateway to one other net, this stuff should never make it onto your local net).
# tcpdump ip and not net localnet
To print the start and end packets (the SYN and FIN packets) of each TCP conversation that involves a non-local host.
# tcpdump 'tcp[13] & 3 != 0 and not src and dst net localnet'
To print IP packets longer than 576 bytes sent through gateway xx:
# tcpdump 'gateway xx and ip[2:2] > 576'
To print IP broadcast or multicast packets that were not sent via ethernet broadcast or multicast:
# tcpdump 'ether[0] & 1 = 0 and ip[16] >= 224'
To print all ICMP packets that are not echo requests/replies (i.e., not ping packets):
# tcpdump 'icmp[0] != 8 and icmp[0] != 0"
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source:http://linuxpoison.blogspot.com/2008/08/13578175806579.html